4. What is Compiler ?

A compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language). The name compiler is primarily used for programs that translate source codefrom a high-level programming language to a lower level
language (e.g., assembly language, object code, or machine code) to create an executable program .

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12. Library Functions of C Programming

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  Library Functions : Library functions are built in functions used to perform standard operations.The C language is accompanied by a number of library functions that carry out various commonly used operations or calculations. A library function is accessed by writing the function name, followed by list of arguments that represent information being passed to the function. The arguments must be enclosed in parenthesis and separated by commas. The arguments can be variables or constants. Some C library functions are sqrt(), fabs(), exp(), log(), pow(), sin(), cos(), tan(), floor(), ceil(), etc. Header files and related Libray functions in C programming
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13. Control Strings in C Programming

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Control String : It is also known as format specifier.It defines the way in which the arguments used with printf( ) & scanf( ) will be displayed or accepted respectively. It begins with the percent sign and is followed with the format code. The following table depicted the different control string for different data types: Control Strings in C Programming
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11. Variables in C Programming

Variables : In programming, a variable is a container (storage area) to hold data. To indicate the storage area, each variable should be given a unique name (identifier). Variable names are just the symbolic representation of a memory location. For example:                          int playerScore = 95 ; Here, playerScore is a variable of integer type. Here, the variable is assigned an integer value 95. Rules for naming a variable : 1. A variable name can have letters (both uppercase and lowercase letters), digits and underscore only. 2. The first letter of a variable should be either a letter or an underscore. 3. There is no rule on how long a variable name (identifier) can be. However, you may run into problems in some compilers if variable name is longer than 31 characters.
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14. Escape Sequences in C Programming

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6. Flowchart of a computer programming

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A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process. Flowchart can also be defined as a diagramatic representation of an algorithm (step by step approach to solve a task). The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. Symbols for flowchart : Basic structure of a flowchart : Some examples of Flowchart are given below : 1.Flowchart to add two numbers : 2. Flowchart to subtract two numbers : 3. Flowchart to print area of a square :
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10. Data Types of C Programming

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15. Basic Input/output functions in C programming

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9. Header Files of C Programming

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Header Files of C programming : A header file is a file which is generally available in the include directory in the C language . It is an ASCII (American standard code for information interchange) type file . C language uses several header files , each of which contains declaration that are functionally related. For example, <math.h> header file contains declaration for mathematical function. The header files also contained the information about library functions. Some important header files are  <stdio.h>  Standard input output header, <conio.h>  Console input output header,  <math.h> Mathematical header, <string.h>  String manipulation header,  <stdlib.h> Standard library of utility functions header,  <ctype.h> Character  type testing and conversion header , etc . Header files and related Libray functions in C programming
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8. Program structure rules of C programming

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7. Introduction of C programming :

C is a high level, most powerful programming language. It was developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT & T's Bell Laboratories of USA during the 1970's. Basic features of C (1) Machine independence : C programs normally run on many different computers without alteration, provided the appropriate library functions and header files are utilized. (2) Structured programming : C programs are written systematically with the feature of structured programming concept. (3) Flexibility : C has flexible features to write programs for numerical, commercial, and graphical applications. (4) Integrity : This refers to the accuracy of the calculations. C is one of the most popular highly integrated programming languages. (5) Efficiency : Efficiency is concerned with execution speed and memory utilization. Normally programs written in C are efficient and fast.
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