1. What is Computer programming ?

Computer programming is the process of designing and building an executable computer program which is basically a sequence of instructions for accomplishing a specific computing task.

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12. Library Functions of C Programming

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  Library Functions : Library functions are built in functions used to perform standard operations.The C language is accompanied by a number of library functions that carry out various commonly used operations or calculations. A library function is accessed by writing the function name, followed by list of arguments that represent information being passed to the function. The arguments must be enclosed in parenthesis and separated by commas. The arguments can be variables or constants. Some C library functions are sqrt(), fabs(), exp(), log(), pow(), sin(), cos(), tan(), floor(), ceil(), etc. Header files and related Libray functions in C programming
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13. Control Strings in C Programming

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Control String : It is also known as format specifier.It defines the way in which the arguments used with printf( ) & scanf( ) will be displayed or accepted respectively. It begins with the percent sign and is followed with the format code. The following table depicted the different control string for different data types: Control Strings in C Programming
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3. What is programming language ?

Program is a set of commands ( or instructions ) through which we can perform a specific task . A programming language is a language which helps us to write a program . For example , BASIC , C , C++ , Python , JAVA , DOT NET , etc. Computer programming language can be classified as , A. System Programming Language : A programming language that is used to write system software . B. Application Programming Language : A programming language that is used to write application software . It can be further classified as , High Level Language : It is a programming language that permits a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a specific computer . They are considered as high level because they are closer to human language and further from machine language . For example , Pascal , Basic , C , C++ , JAVA . Low Level Language : It is a programming language that permits very low abstraction from computer's instruction architecture (CIA) . They are closer...
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4. What is Compiler ?

A compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language). The name compiler is primarily used for programs that translate source codefrom a high-level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language, object code, or machine code) to create an executable program .
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11. Variables in C Programming

Variables : In programming, a variable is a container (storage area) to hold data. To indicate the storage area, each variable should be given a unique name (identifier). Variable names are just the symbolic representation of a memory location. For example:                          int playerScore = 95 ; Here, playerScore is a variable of integer type. Here, the variable is assigned an integer value 95. Rules for naming a variable : 1. A variable name can have letters (both uppercase and lowercase letters), digits and underscore only. 2. The first letter of a variable should be either a letter or an underscore. 3. There is no rule on how long a variable name (identifier) can be. However, you may run into problems in some compilers if variable name is longer than 31 characters.
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7. Introduction of C programming :

C is a high level, most powerful programming language. It was developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT & T's Bell Laboratories of USA during the 1970's. Basic features of C (1) Machine independence : C programs normally run on many different computers without alteration, provided the appropriate library functions and header files are utilized. (2) Structured programming : C programs are written systematically with the feature of structured programming concept. (3) Flexibility : C has flexible features to write programs for numerical, commercial, and graphical applications. (4) Integrity : This refers to the accuracy of the calculations. C is one of the most popular highly integrated programming languages. (5) Efficiency : Efficiency is concerned with execution speed and memory utilization. Normally programs written in C are efficient and fast.
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17. Constants/Literals in C programming

Constants/Literals in C : During the program execution, any unchanged value in a program is known as constant. A constant in C language refers to a fixed value that does not change during execution of a program. C supports following types of constants: (1) Numeric Constants : C language supports two types of numeric constants. They are Integer Constants and Floating point or Real Constants. An integer constant is a signed or unsigned whole number, such that + 25, - 10, 33 etc. where as any signed or unsigned number with fractional part is known as floating point or real constants, such that 0.23, +0.23, - 0.23, 0.23 ÷ 5 (0.23 x 10 to the power 5). (2) Character constant : C language supports two types of character constants. They are Single character constants and String constants. Any letter enclosed in single apostrophe is called single character constant. For example ‛s’ , ‛+’ , ‛$’ etc. where as any string of characters consisting of letters, digits, and symbols enclosed in do...
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10. Data Types of C Programming

Data Types of C Programming  are given below : A set of values together with a set of permitted operations is known as data  t ypes . Variables used in C programs are declared with appropriate data types before the variable is assigned any value. There are four basic data types in C language. They are described below: (1) char : A char data type is used to hold individual character or letter or symbol. It usually occupies 1 byte in RAM. The value range in decimal in char data types is between - 128 to 127. (2) int : An int data type is used to store a signed or unsigned whole integer number within a specified range and cannot have fractional values or a decimal point. It usually occupies 2 bytes in RAM. The value range in decimal in char data types is between - 32768 to 32767. (3) float : A float data type is used to store floating point numbers or real numbers that is numbers that can have decimal values. It usually occupies 4 bytes in RAM. The value range in deci...
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15. Basic Input/output functions in C programming

Basic Input/output functions in C : (1) scanf( ) : It is used to take input from user. scanf( ) is used to read input values of variables by using input devices. The syntax of scanf( ) is given below:                     scanf (“control string control string......”, & variable name 1, & variable name 2, ...... & variable name n) ; (2) printf( ) : It is used to display the output. printf( ) is used to print values of variable by using the output devices. The syntax of printf( ) is given below:                     printf (“control string control string....”, & variable name 1, & variable name 2, .... & variable name n); (3) getchar( ) : It is a character input/output function which reads a character from keyboard at a time. The syntax is as follows:                 char variable=getchar( ); (4) getch( ) : It is a character i...
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